Wednesday, December 7, 2011

iPhone 4, unsafe without a case

The iPhone 4 and 4S are unsafe for use without a case.  My train of thought that brought me to this conclusion is simple and accessible so I will start by listing each of the points and then backing each of them up.  I want my reasoning to be clear to any reader, so any flaws in my argument can be found and brought to my attention for correction.  My apologies to anyone who finds my statements overly simplistic, but I wanted it accessible to a wide audience.

1. The iPhone 4 and 4S both have unguarded transmitting antennas located where they will contact the users skin.
2. This will cause high frequency electricity to pass through the user.
3. This contact will also de-tune the antenna system,
4. A de-tuned antenna will have to increase it's power output to successfully transmit.
5. This will cause prolonged irritation.
6. Prolonged irritation can cause cancer.
7. So if you have an iPhone 4 or 4S, you should get a case or at least put clear tape over the side antennas so that they are not in contact with your skin.

1. The iPhone 4 and 4S both have unguarded transmitting antennas located where they will contact the users skin. The metal bars on the sides of the 4 and 4S are antennas as discussed at length other places as "Antennagate".  "Antennagate" is discussed at length elsewhere, but for the sake of this discussion all that needs to be conveyed is that the users fingers generally touch the antennas on the side of the phone.
2. This will cause high frequency electricity to pass through the user.  Alternating current (AC) acts differently than direct current (DC).  DC only runs down what are called closed circuits like battery jumper cables, but AC circuits especially high frequency AC circuits can work even in an open circuit.  An antenna is just a wire going nowhere and they do carry current.  If a user touches a transmitting antenna, especially if the user has sweaty hands, they will become part of that circuit and have a tiny amount of current running through them.
3. This contact will also de-tune the antenna system.  Antennas are tuned systems and without going into detailed antenna theory, let me just summarize that antenna elements are designed to be fractional parts of the wavelength of the radio waves they transmit or receive.  So although there are many modifying mechanisms, longer wavelength/lower frequency antennas are longer, higher frequency antennas are generally shorter.  For example TV antennas are generally longer than cell phone antennas.  The key thing is that by touching the antenna the user effectively changes the length of the antenna and de-tunes it.  This is like taking a note that should be played on a bass instrument and playing it on a soprano instrument.  It may be possible, but it is not efficient.
4. A de-tuned antenna will have to increase it's power output to successfully transmit.  Digital cell phones work on a system sometimes called "yell loud enough to be heard".  i.e. They transmit with just enough power to talk to the closest tower.  So cell phone batteries last longer for people in good coverage areas as they don't need to use as much power to reach the local cell tower.  What this means for this discussion is when you de-tune the antenna you force the phone to use more power to make the same connection.  So for people who already live in areas of marginal cell coverage, de-tuning the antenna will cause their cell phones to transmit at their maximum levels just to make a connection.
5. This will cause prolonged irritation:  High current passing though skin will cause burns.  This is not high current, it is a tiny amount of current.  The FCC limits cell phones to less than 1W transmitted power, but here we are not dealing with transmitted power we are talking about conducted power.  Cell phone antennas are not ideal devices that can transmit all of the power they receive.  They only transmit a portion of the power they receive, so it is possible that if a good connection is made, then a measurable amount of power is conducted into the skin of the user.  So what I propose is that tiny amount of power irritates the skin.  Cell phones transmit intermittently even when not in active use to stay in contact with the towers so that they can be contacted for incoming calls and receive emails, etc., so I propose that the irritation to the skin is rather consistent.
6. Prolonged irritation can cause cancer.  Asbestos is a very inert fibrous material that become popular for insulation because it is a good insulator and very resistant to heat.  The problem with asbestos and materials like it is that its little fibers can break off become airborne and be inhaled.  Once inhaled they get stuck in a person's lungs and cause irritation.  This irritation is called "asbestosis" which can then lead to a cancer called "Malignant mesothelioma".  The reason I mention this is that the cancer is caused by the irritation from the inhaled fibers.  It is not any chemical interaction of the body with the asbestos, it is the irritation caused by the asbestos that causes the problem.  
The WHO keeps wavering on the possible dangers of cell phone radiation, but that is NOT what I am proposing here.  What I am talking about is not cell phone radiation but simple electrical conduction.  RF radiation causes damage when RF energy is transmitted and then a portion of that energy is absorbed by the body.  Electrical conduction is much more efficient and will transfer magnitudes more power.  Put a good AC voltmeter near a power cord and you may see tiny voltages measured, put them in a socket and it is a different story.  This is not really a fair comparison as house current is at a very very low frequency, so radiates very poorly, but I think it still illustrates the point, conduction is very different than radiation.  Don't tell me the FCC says it's safe, so it is safe.  They are only measuring radiated power.
7. So if you have an iPhone 4 or 4S, you should get a case or at least put clear tape over the side antennas so that they are not in contact with your skin.  The idea is to add resistance in the connection of your fingers to the phone.  Ideally this should be a thicker coating to minimize what is called capacitive conduction which can occur at the high frequencies used by cell phones.  I would believe that any case should provide adequate protection, but a passable solution is one or more layers of clear tape.

I've posted these thought on several blogs and sent them in to several people, and generally receive either no response or angry dismissals to the credibility of my arguments, so I thought I would post it here so I can see if someone can actually find a flaw in my argument.